PED 131 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PED 131 - Essay Example In the paper I got the second question wrong. The question was -When the command Cease Fire is given other than the range office. My answer to this was (b) Stop shooting immediately, lay the gun down on the bench and await further instructions. The reason I chose this answer was because when someone gives the command to cease fire it could be because there is some hazardous situation. Thus the best way to avoid any danger would be to stop firing and lay the gun down. But the correct answer is (d) since the correct thing to do would be to stop firing, point the gun in a safe direction and call or wait for the range officer to give further orders and if needed clarify as to why someone else gave the order. My answer to question 3 was because I felt that after notifying the range officer the best thing to do would be to open the action and remove the cartridge since in order to continue firing I would have to remove the faulty cartridge. But the correct answer to this is (d) since it is the range officer who is responsible to over see the removal of the cartridge. My answer to question 5 was (b) since in all the guns I have seen till date the safety switch has always been on the side and no where else.

Environmental Factors Essay Example for Free

Environmental Factors Essay (A) Selection of an Organization   Ã‚  M/S GE Tractors M/s GE Tractors produces tractors, and dairy machines. Tractors are allotted to the Michigan unit in view of its location in the natural market zone for tractors. To supplement GE tractor production, a second tractor assembly line for 45 HP and 59 HP tractors has been in operation since 1985 at Michigan to meet the requirements of tractors in that area. It diversified its product range to provide cushion for the cyclical variations in the market and position itself globally. Besides supplying its products all over USA it has made its position globally. It is exporting tractors and related dairy machines to Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, most of the European countries, Africa and Asian continent.   A specific goal of 7,000 tractors worth $50 million in the coming 1-3 years is targeted so that there is a sustained growth in volume say 5% per annum. (B)High-level domestic and global environmental factors that may impact the organization marketing decision Business planning is basically concerned with the structuring of the relationship between a business and its environment. The environment in which business operates has a greater influence on their successes or failures. There is a strong linkage between the changing environment, the strategic response of the business to such changes and the performance. It is important to understand the forces of environment the way they influence this linkage. The environment which is dynamic and changing holds both opportunities and threats for the organizations. The organizations while attempting at strategic realignments, try to capture these opportunities and avoid the emerging threats. At the same time the changes in the environment affect the attractiveness or risk levels of various investments of the organizations or the investors. The environment in which the business operates broadly consist of the  Ã‚   Political, Ethical, Social, Cultural aspects, Technological and the Ecological related issues like pollution, sustainability etc. The Technological temper and its progress has been the key driver behind the major changes witnessed in the environment making it increasingly complex. These factors often overlap and the developments in one area may influence developments in other. Careful analysis of the above factors helps in identifying major trends for different industries.   Changes in these external forces affect the changes in consumer demand for both industrial and consumer products and services. These external forces affect the above company i.e. M/s GE Tractors regarding the types of products produced, the nature of positioning them and market segmentation strategies, the types of services offered and choice of business. Therefore, it becomes important for the organizations to identify and evaluate environmental opportunities and threats so as to develop a clear mission, designing strategies to achieve long-term objectives and develop policies to achieve short-term goals. (C) Technology impacts the organizations marketing decisions Technological factors represent major opportunities and threats which must be taken into account while formulating strategies. Technological breakthroughs can dramatically influence the organization’s products, services markets, suppliers, distributors, competitors, customers, manufacturing processes, marketing practices and competitive position. M/s GE Tractors is investing heavily in R D projects to bring out new models   hence Technological advancements can open up new markets, change the relative position of an industry and render existing products and services obsolete. Technological changes can reduce or eliminate cost barriers between businesses, create shorter production runs, create shortages in technical skills and result in changing values and expectations of customers and employees. changing The impact of information technology (IT) which combines fruits of both telecommunications and computers has been revolutionary in every field. Not only has it opened up new vistas of business but also has changed the way the businesses are done. IT has specifically brought in another dimension Speed which organizations recognize as the additional source of competitive advantage beyond low cost and differentiation. Manufacturers, bankers and retailers have used IT to carry out their traditional tasks at lower costs and deliver higher value added products and services. (D)Importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to organizations marketing Social: Demographic characteristics such as population, age distribution, literacy levels, inter-state migration, rural-urban mobility, income distribution etc. are the key indicators for understanding the demographic impact on environment.   The growing number of senior citizens and their livelihood needs have been highlighted and the government is being forced to pay more attention in the form of social security benefits etc. Social attitudes, values, customs, beliefs, rituals and practices also influence business practices in a major way. Social values and beliefs are important as they affect the buying behavior. The spread of consumerism, the rise of the middle class with high disposable income, the flashy lifestyles of people working in software, telecom, media and multinational companies seem to have changed the socio-cultural scenario and these needs to be understood deeply. Values in society also determine the work culture, approach towards stakeholders and the various responsibilities the organization thinks of owing to its stockholders and the society. Ethics: Considering Literacy and the composition of literates in the country creates opportunities for particular type of industries and type of jobs. For example on one hand , the presence of multimillionaires in middle east countries encouraged many software giants to set up shops and on the other , the availability of cheap labor ,those countries have become a destination of labor intensive projects. Large labor mobility across different occupations and regions has cut down wage differentials and this has an impact for business to take the proper course. Understanding of the environment in which an organization operates is the foremost pre-requisite towards strategy formulation. The six broad dimensions which the framework provides of the environment are capable of giving a comprehensive overview of how things may be unfolding. The objective of the analysis should not only restrict to the present and past but the real focus should be on projecting the trends into future in order to get the real feel of the environment. This shall enable the firm to proactively strategize for future considering the environment it is going to face and the issues which will be of importance.

martin vs malcolm :: essays research papers

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a very important figure of the modern era. His lectures and dialogues moved the concern and sparked the sense of right and wrong of a generation. The movements and marches he led brought important changes in the foundation of American life through his courage and selfless dedication. This dedication gave direction to thirteen years of civil rights activities. His charming leadership inspired men and women, young and old, in this nation and around the world. His philosophy of nonviolent direct action, and his strategies for rational and non-destructive social change, stimulated the conscience of this nation and reordered its priorities. His wisdom, his words, his actions, his commitment, and his dream for a new way of life are tied with the American experience. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He married Coretta Scott, the younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurry Scott of Marion, Alabama, on June 18, 1953. At the age of five, Martin Luther King, Jr. began school, before reaching the legal age of six, at the Yonge Street Elementary School in Atlanta. When his age was discovered, he was not permitted to continue in school and did not resume his education until he was six. Following Yonge School, he was enrolled in David T. Howard Elementary School. He also attended the Atlanta University Laboratory School and Booker T. Washington High School. Because of his high scores on the college entrance examinations in his junior year of high school, he advanced to Morehouse College without formal graduation from Booker T. Washington. Having skipped both the ninth and twelfth grades, Dr. King entered Morehouse at the age of fifteen. Throughout his years in college Dr. King was awarded many different honorary degrees from various colleges and universities in the United States and several foreign countries. Dr. King also received numerous awards for his leadership in the Civil Rights Movement. Dr. king believed that every man was created equal weather black, white, orange, or green no one to him was not as equal a human as the next man. He believed in peacefully speaking his peace with out harming and killing the next man but to sit down and talk man to man human to human.

She Walks in Beauty

George Gordon Byron was a well known romantic poet in the 19th century, a passionate womanizer as well as a hero in Greece. He was born in London in 1788, and became a Lord in 1798 when he inherited the title and the estate from his great-uncle (Gamber). Thus he became the well known Lord Byron. Several months before meeting his first wife, Lord Byron attended a party at Lady Sitwell's at June 1814 (Gamber). Mrs. Wilmot, Lord Byron’s beautiful cousin, attended the party in a black mourning dress. The poet became captivated by his cousin’s alluring beauty; her fair face contrasting with her dark hair and dress. Inspired by the opposing shades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, personification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is dark and light while the other is inner and outer beauty. Throughout the poem he combines the negative and positive things of a woman and creates a perfect whole (â€Å"Lord†). â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies;†(1-2) These first two lines combine night with stars to illustrate that without stars the night would be a black void, but together, they illustrate a shimmering sky. â€Å"And all that’s best of dark and bright/ Meet in her aspect and her eyes:/ Thus mellow’d to that tender light†(3-5) Here two opposing forces meet in this woman to create a mellowed whole (â€Å"She†). This ties back to the theme because the inner and outer beauty of the woman act as positive reflections of each other as the outcome of the balance in between dark and light. â€Å"The smiles that win, the tints that glow. † (15) The woman has a tender aspect and a glowing smile, both of which are attractive outer beauties. â€Å"A mind at peace with all below,/ A heart whose love is innocent! † (17-18) Byron describes her as having a peaceful mind and virtuous heart, meaning her conscience is also perfect. The woman’s entire being is perfect because of the proportion between the dark and light meeting in her (â€Å"Analysis†). Byron states that if she had â€Å"One shade the more, one ray the less,† (7) she would be half as splendid. Together good and bad become tender, and both the body and soul of this woman reflect this tenderness. Personification creates a romantic image of the woman’s physical and mental figure to accent the effects of the bond of dark and light. Byron uses this to emphasize that the woman is only so beautiful because of this bond, as said in the theme. Byron first personifies Heaven by giving it the attribute to deny something. â€Å"Thus mellow’d to that tender light/Which heaven to gaudy day denies. (5-6) The personification of heaven shows that her beauty has a â€Å"tender light† that is unlike daytime —which is flashy—but so tender that heaven denies daytime the honor of having (â€Å"She†). This connects to the theme because the woman is only tender because light and bright meet in her. Byron then personifies her thoughts by giv ing them the ability to express to show how gentle the woman is (Cummings). â€Å"Where thoughts serenely sweet express†(11) The following line states that her thought’s home is pure and dear. â€Å"How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. (12) Since thoughts are not physical and cannot have a literal â€Å"dwelling-place† Byron uses personification to stress her virtuousness (Cummings). This can be tied to the theme because the previous lines implement the balance of shades and rays which are followed by the personification of her pure mind. Her pure mind is something inside her that cannot be seen; it is an inner beauty. â€Å"The smiles that win, the tints that glow,/But tell of days in goodness spent,† (15-16) Her smiles win over people’s hearts but reflect good morality. Smiles cannot speak, so Byron personifies them with the ability to â€Å"tell† of how good the woman is. A smile is an outer beauty, a mind is an inner beauty, and this connects with the theme regarding the fact that her inner and outer beauty are in a perfect pair. Lord Byron captures the radical difference of illumination and shade with imagery. He also describes the woman’s appearance with this literary device. In the first line, Byron creates an obscure vision for the reader. â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night. †(1) Night is black and somber, and this line is used to make the feel reader insecure and unsure. However, in the next line, Byron introduces the radiance of stars, which perfects the image of the woman’s likeness to the night (â€Å"She†). â€Å"Of cloudless climes and starry skies;†(2) Without the introduction of stars into the black night, the woman would be incomplete. This ties back to the theme because the woman’s beauty is complete because she is not only obscure but also radiant. Byron uses imagery to describe the woman’s fair skin in contrast with her raven colored hair to visually show how beautiful dark and light can be together. â€Å"One shade the more, one ray the less,/Had half impair’d the nameless grace/ Which waves in ever raven ress/Or softly lightens o’er her face;† (7-10) He states that if anything changed, if the woman had more light or more darkness in her, she wouldn’t be as splendid. This stresses the theme in the sense that the woman has the perfect amount of each contrasting force (â€Å"Analysis†). In the last stanza Byron positively uses imagery to illustrate the woman’s face. â€Å"And so on that cheek, and o’er that brow,/So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,† (13-14) The woman’s face is not only delicate but also dazzling. Byron finalizes all the sums of dark and bright to finally show the overall product—A beautiful woman, in and out. Through motifs, personification and imagery, Lord Byron establishes that with the combination of light and dark, a woman attains a perfect inner and outer beauty. The two motifs in his poem are dark and light as well as inner and outer beauty. Byron uses personification to develop the woman’s physical and mental attributes. Imagery is used as a visual aid for the readers to imagine the woman’s beauty. Throughout the poem he stresses that the good and bad things of a woman is what makes her perfect. The woman’s beauty is a reflection of her pure ways, which only exist because of the balance of light and dark in her. She Walks in Beauty George Gordon Byron was a well known romantic poet in the 19th century, a passionate womanizer as well as a hero in Greece. He was born in London in 1788, and became a Lord in 1798 when he inherited the title and the estate from his great-uncle (Gamber). Thus he became the well known Lord Byron. Several months before meeting his first wife, Lord Byron attended a party at Lady Sitwell's at June 1814 (Gamber). Mrs. Wilmot, Lord Byron’s beautiful cousin, attended the party in a black mourning dress. The poet became captivated by his cousin’s alluring beauty; her fair face contrasting with her dark hair and dress. Inspired by the opposing shades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, personification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is dark and light while the other is inner and outer beauty. Throughout the poem he combines the negative and positive things of a woman and creates a perfect whole (â€Å"Lord†). â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies;†(1-2) These first two lines combine night with stars to illustrate that without stars the night would be a black void, but together, they illustrate a shimmering sky. â€Å"And all that’s best of dark and bright/ Meet in her aspect and her eyes:/ Thus mellow’d to that tender light†(3-5) Here two opposing forces meet in this woman to create a mellowed whole (â€Å"She†). This ties back to the theme because the inner and outer beauty of the woman act as positive reflections of each other as the outcome of the balance in between dark and light. â€Å"The smiles that win, the tints that glow. † (15) The woman has a tender aspect and a glowing smile, both of which are attractive outer beauties. â€Å"A mind at peace with all below,/ A heart whose love is innocent! † (17-18) Byron describes her as having a peaceful mind and virtuous heart, meaning her conscience is also perfect. The woman’s entire being is perfect because of the proportion between the dark and light meeting in her (â€Å"Analysis†). Byron states that if she had â€Å"One shade the more, one ray the less,† (7) she would be half as splendid. Together good and bad become tender, and both the body and soul of this woman reflect this tenderness. Personification creates a romantic image of the woman’s physical and mental figure to accent the effects of the bond of dark and light. Byron uses this to emphasize that the woman is only so beautiful because of this bond, as said in the theme. Byron first personifies Heaven by giving it the attribute to deny something. â€Å"Thus mellow’d to that tender light/Which heaven to gaudy day denies. (5-6) The personification of heaven shows that her beauty has a â€Å"tender light† that is unlike daytime —which is flashy—but so tender that heaven denies daytime the honor of having (â€Å"She†). This connects to the theme because the woman is only tender because light and bright meet in her. Byron then personifies her thoughts by giv ing them the ability to express to show how gentle the woman is (Cummings). â€Å"Where thoughts serenely sweet express†(11) The following line states that her thought’s home is pure and dear. â€Å"How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. (12) Since thoughts are not physical and cannot have a literal â€Å"dwelling-place† Byron uses personification to stress her virtuousness (Cummings). This can be tied to the theme because the previous lines implement the balance of shades and rays which are followed by the personification of her pure mind. Her pure mind is something inside her that cannot be seen; it is an inner beauty. â€Å"The smiles that win, the tints that glow,/But tell of days in goodness spent,† (15-16) Her smiles win over people’s hearts but reflect good morality. Smiles cannot speak, so Byron personifies them with the ability to â€Å"tell† of how good the woman is. A smile is an outer beauty, a mind is an inner beauty, and this connects with the theme regarding the fact that her inner and outer beauty are in a perfect pair. Lord Byron captures the radical difference of illumination and shade with imagery. He also describes the woman’s appearance with this literary device. In the first line, Byron creates an obscure vision for the reader. â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night. †(1) Night is black and somber, and this line is used to make the feel reader insecure and unsure. However, in the next line, Byron introduces the radiance of stars, which perfects the image of the woman’s likeness to the night (â€Å"She†). â€Å"Of cloudless climes and starry skies;†(2) Without the introduction of stars into the black night, the woman would be incomplete. This ties back to the theme because the woman’s beauty is complete because she is not only obscure but also radiant. Byron uses imagery to describe the woman’s fair skin in contrast with her raven colored hair to visually show how beautiful dark and light can be together. â€Å"One shade the more, one ray the less,/Had half impair’d the nameless grace/ Which waves in ever raven ress/Or softly lightens o’er her face;† (7-10) He states that if anything changed, if the woman had more light or more darkness in her, she wouldn’t be as splendid. This stresses the theme in the sense that the woman has the perfect amount of each contrasting force (â€Å"Analysis†). In the last stanza Byron positively uses imagery to illustrate the woman’s face. â€Å"And so on that cheek, and o’er that brow,/So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,† (13-14) The woman’s face is not only delicate but also dazzling. Byron finalizes all the sums of dark and bright to finally show the overall product—A beautiful woman, in and out. Through motifs, personification and imagery, Lord Byron establishes that with the combination of light and dark, a woman attains a perfect inner and outer beauty. The two motifs in his poem are dark and light as well as inner and outer beauty. Byron uses personification to develop the woman’s physical and mental attributes. Imagery is used as a visual aid for the readers to imagine the woman’s beauty. Throughout the poem he stresses that the good and bad things of a woman is what makes her perfect. The woman’s beauty is a reflection of her pure ways, which only exist because of the balance of light and dark in her.

Review of Literature Essay

2.1Introduction This chapter reviewed the available literatures written on this topic and in other related areas in this chapter. This was made possible by the identification, collection and review of these literatures from various sources such as text books, journals, reports and the internet. 2.2The Concept of ATM ATM is typically made up of the CPU for controlling the user interface and transaction devices, magnetic or Chip card reader for identifying the customer, display which is used by the customer for performing the transaction, function buttons usually close to the display or a Touch screen used to select the various aspects of the transaction and a record printer which provides the customer with a record of a transaction (Cronin and Mary, 1997). Most ATMs are connected to inter bank networks, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their account or in the country where their accounts are held thus enabling cash withdrawals in local currency (Maxwell, 1990). They are often identified by signs above them indicating the name of the bank owning them. 2.2.1Evolution of ATM ATM is said to have evolved from early cash dispenser and is said to have first been introduced in the early 1970’s. The dispensers were operated by a token inform of a punch card. This enables a customer to withdraw as sachets of suitable values of bank notes. These sachets processes and then return the card to the customers. Another source has it that ATM concept was started around 1967, and that it was first installed in Endfield town, on the London Borough of Endfield by Barclays Bank. Thomas (1996). This is said to have been accredited to John Shepherded Baron, although George Simon registered patent in New York and Don Wetzel and two other Engineers from Docatel Company also registered patent in June/ April 1973. Brendan (1996). This in the second generation was improved to the extent that made it possible to count proved money. 2.2.2Operation of ATM ATMs typically connect directly to their ATM Controller via either a dial-up modem over a telephone line or directly via a leased line. Leased lines are preferable because they require less time to establish a connection. Musiime and Biyaki, (2010). It is observed that, most modern ATMs, the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip that contains a unique card number. Security is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN). For one to access ATM service, he/ she (the card holder) has to insert the card (magnetic strip card) into the machine (ATM), which then reads the strip and makes contact with the central computer to confirm the genuity of the card which is either accepted rejected depending on whether it is valid or not. When accepted, the customer then punches his/ her PIN number which is then verified according to its compatibility with the information stored in the card. After w hich it then perform the service requested of like (issuing cash, accepting cash/ cheque deposit, balance enquiry, mini-statement) etc, and finally ejects the card. 2.3Effectiveness of ATM Without usage of technology the banking sector cannot provide customers with effective services (Patricio et al., 2003). Effective service delivery is a new or significantly improved service concept that is taken into practice (Drake, 2001). Customer expectations concerning service encounter experiences and service delivery mechanisms as well as the entire concept of what constitutes quality service are therefore key issues that need to be considered prior to the implementation of any structural change. Patricio et al. (2003). Effective service delivery is a service product or service process that is based on some technology or systematic method. It can be a new customer interaction channel, a distribution system or a technological concept or a combination of them. (Kelley et al. 1990). Kumbhar (2011). Observed that effectiveness of service provision have a significant relationship with overall customer satisfaction. Effective service delivery is positively related to customer satisf action in that, when a customer perceives that the delivery mode of the transactions that the bank is supposed to offer is quite good, the more the customers will be satisfied with the bank services. The Concept of Customer Satisfaction Cacioppo (2000) defines Customer satisfaction as the state of mind that customers have about a company when their expectations have been met or exceeded over the lifetime of the product or service as quoted by MALCOLM (2008). Increased customer expectations have created a competitive climate whereby the quality of the relationship between the customer and bank has taken on a greater significance in some cases than the product itself. (Musiime and Biyaki, 2010). Krishnan et al (1999). Point out that, the banking industry strives to succeed by putting the topic of rapid and changing customers needs to their agenda. This can be achieved through good customer care and offering attractive services or products that other competitors may not offer. Therefore, customer satisfaction is seen as a key performance indicator within business. The concept of customer satisfaction occupies a central position in marketing and practice (Cardozo, 1965). Customer satisfaction is a person’s feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a product’s perceived performance or outcome in relation to his or her expectations. (Musiime and Biyaki, 2010). In summary, Customer Satisfaction is the actual meeting of customer’s expectation after he or she has completed consuming a product or service. 2.4.1 Who is a Customer A customer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. He is not an interruption to our work. He is the purpose for it. He is not an outsider on our business rather he is part of it, we are not doing him favor by serving him rather he is doing us favor by giving us an opportunity to do so. Wasswa, (2003). Pg 35. He further described a customer as one that enables the organization exists. They are the purpose of our business. In my own view, I believe that, customers are the heart, the life and the soul of our businesses, without whom we can’t hold even for a second to exist in business. Hence they should be accorded utmost respect and care when rendering service to them. 2.4.2Importance of Customer satisfaction Khirallah (2005) defines customer satisfaction as; a customer’s perception that his or her needs, wishes, expectations, or desires with regard to products and service have been fulfilled. Consumer satisfaction in short can therefore be defined as an evaluative process that contrasts pre-purchase expectations with the actual perceptions of performance during and after consumption experience. In summary, Customer Satisfaction is the meeting or even exceeding of a customer’s expectation after the use product. The outcomes of satisfying a customer are:- Customer loyalty- LOYAL customers are those who have the enthusiasm about the brands or products they use. The more enthusiastic a customer is, the higher the profit contributed to the brand. (MALCOLM 2008). Musiime and Biyaki,(2010). Loyalty is a combination of intentional repurchase behavior and psychological attachments of a customer to a particular service provider. The fundamental assumption of all the loyalty models is that keeping existing customers is less expensive than acquiring new ones. In summary, Loyalty is customer’s demonstration of faithful adherence to an institution despite the occasional errors. Thus satisfying a customer is very paramount to organizations existence. Customer retention- Customer Retention is the ability to hold on to customers over time. Joseph and Stone (2003). Customer retention is the activity that the selling organization undertakes to reduce customer account defections. It can also be described as a series of actions that the selling organization undertakes to reduce defections. Musiime and Biyaki, (2010). Ganesh et al., (2000)., observed that, long-term, customers become less costly to serve due to the bank’s greater knowledge of the existing customer and to decrease serving costs. They also tend to be less sensitive to comparative marketing activities (Czepiel, 1990). Loosing customers not only leads to opportunity costs because the reduced sales, but also to an increased need for attracting new customers which is five to six times more expensive than customer retention (Joseph and Stone, 2003). 2.4.3The relationship between ATM use and Customer satisfaction Earlier research by Brownlie (1989) has recommended that some consumers have positive attitudes towards ATMs based on dominant perceptions of convenience/accessibility/ease of use. As observed by Malcolm (2008). On the other hand, Reichheld and Sasser (1990) have recognized the benefits that customer satisfaction delivers to a bank. For instance, the longer a customer stays with a bank the more utility the customer generates. This is a result of a number of factors relating to the time the customer spends with a bank. Without usage of technology the banking sector cannot provide customers with a satisfactory service (Patricio et al., 2003). Effective service delivery is a new or significantly improved service concept that is taken into practice. Musiime and Biyaki,(2010). According to, Patricio et al. (2003) customers will use different service delivery systems dependent on their assessment of each channel and how it contributes to the overall service offering. Hence service satisfaction will not merely be based on isolated service encounters and experiences but rather on the overall feelings of satisfaction. With automated teller machines networks already in place in most of the urban areas, the drive is now focused towards the rural areas where the use of automated teller machines is still uncommon. Musiime and Biyaki,(2010). 2.5Conclusion From the review of literature, it can be observed that the operation and use of ATM services in the financial sector, has contributed a lot in changing the way in which financial services and products are being delivered to the banks clients. As the say goes that, for every step forward (development), a lot of challenges must have been faced, fought and overcome. Thus the development of ATM saw the emergency of some challenges for the industry as customers keep demanding for better service, while the financial institutions are very busy searching for the most efficient way by which they can improve on their service provision.

Commodore George Dewey in the Spanish-American War

Commodore George Dewey in the Spanish-American War Born December 26, 1837, George Dewey was the son of Julius Yemans Dewey and Mary Perrin Dewey of Montpelier, VT. The couples third child, Dewey lost his mother at age five to tuberculosis and developed a close relationship with his father. An active boy who was educated locally, Dewey entered the Norwich Military School at age fifteen. The decision to attend Norwich was a compromise between Dewey and his father as the former wished to go to sea in the merchant service, while the latter desired his son to attend West Point. Attending Norwich for two years, Dewey developed a reputation as a practical joker. Leaving the school in 1854, Dewey, against his fathers wishes, accepted an appointment as an acting midshipman in the US Navy on September 23. Traveling south, he enrolled at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis. Annapolis Entering the academy that fall, Deweys class was among the first to progress through the standard four-year course. A difficult academic institution, only 15 of the 60 midshipmen who entered with Dewey would graduate. While at Annapolis, Dewey experienced firsthand the rising sectional tensions that were gripping the country. A known scrapper, Dewey took part in several fights with Southern students and was prevented from engaging in a pistol duel. Graduating, Dewey was appointed a midshipman on June 11, 1858, and was assigned to the steam frigate USS Wabash (40 guns). Serving on the Mediterranean station, Dewey was respected for his devoted attention to his duties and developed an affection for the region. The Civil War Begins While overseas, Dewey was given the opportunity to visit the great cities of Europe, such as Rome and Athens, before going ashore and exploring Jerusalem. Returning to the United States in December 1859, Dewey served on two short cruises before traveling to Annapolis to take his lieutenants exam in January 1861. Passing with flying colors, he was commissioned on April 19, 1861, a few days after the attack on Fort Sumter. Following the outbreak of the Civil War, Dewey was assigned to USS Mississippi (10) on May 10 for service in the Gulf of Mexico. A large paddle frigate, Mississippi had served as Commodore Matthew Perrys flagship during his historic visit to Japan in 1854. On the Mississippi Part of Flag Officer David G. Farraguts West Gulf Blockading Squadron, Mississippi participated in the attacks on Forts Jackson and St. Philip and the subsequent capture of New Orleans in April 1862. Serving as executive officer to Captain Melancton Smith, Dewey earned high praise for his coolness under fire and conned the ship as it ran past the forts, as well as forced the ironclad CSS Manassas (1) ashore. Remaining on the river, Mississippi returned to action the following March when Farragut attempted to run past the batteries at Port Hudson, LA. Moving forward on the night of March 14, Mississippi grounded in front of the Confederate batteries. Unable to break free, Smith ordered the ship abandoned and while the men lowered the boats, he and Dewey saw to it that the guns were spiked and the ship set afire to prevent capture. Escaping, Dewey was later reassigned as executive officer of USS Agawam (10) and briefly commanded the screw sloop of war USS Monongahela (7) after its captain and executive officer were lost in a fight near Donaldsonville, LA. North Atlantic Europe Brought east, Dewey saw service on the James River before being appointed executive officer of the steam frigate USS Colorado (40). Serving on the North Atlantic blockade, Dewey took part in both of Rear Admiral David D. Porters attacks on Fort Fisher (Dec. 1864 Jan. 1865). In the course of the second attack, he distinguished himself when Colorado closed with one of the forts batteries. Cited for bravery at Fort Fisher, his commander, Commodore Henry K. Thatcher, attempted to take Dewey with him as his fleet captain when he relieved Farragut at Mobile Bay. This request was denied and Dewey was promoted to lieutenant commander on March 3, 1865. With the end of the Civil War, Dewey remained on active duty and served as executive officer of USS Kearsarge (7) in European waters before receiving an assignment to the Portsmouth Navy Yard. While in this posting, he met and married Susan Boardman Goodwin in 1867. Postwar Moving through assignments on Colorado and at the Naval Academy, Dewey steadily rose through the ranks and was promoted to commander on April 13, 1872. Given command of USS Narragansett (5) that same year, he was stunned in December when his wife died after giving birth to their son, George Goodwin Dewey. Remaining with Narragansett, he spent nearly four years working with the Pacific Coast Survey. Returning to Washington, Dewey served on the Light House Board, before sailing for the Asiatic Station as captain of USS Juniata (11) in 1882. Two years later, Dewey was recalled and given command of USS Dolphin (7) which was frequently used as the presidential yacht. Promoted to captain on September 27, 1884, Dewey was given USS Pensacola (17) and sent to Europe. After eight years at sea, Dewey was brought back to Washington to serve as a bureau officer. In this role, he was promoted to commodore on February 28, 1896. Unhappy with the climate of the capital and feeling inactive, he applied for sea duty in 1897, and was given command of the US Asiatic Squadron. Hoisting his flag at Hong Kong in December 1897, Dewey immediately began preparing his ships for war as tensions with Spain increased. Ordered by Secretary of the Navy John Long and Assistant Secretary Theodore Roosevelt, Dewey concentrated his ships and retained sailors whose terms had expired. To the Philippines With the beginning of the Spanish-American War on April 25, 1898, Dewey received instructions to immediately move against the Philippines. Flying his flag from the armored cruiser USS Olympia, Dewey departed Hong Kong and began gathering intelligence regarding Admiral Patricio Montojos Spanish fleet at Manila. Steaming for Manila with seven ships on April 27, Dewey arrived off Subic Bay three days later. Not finding Montojos fleet, he pressed into Manila Bay where the Spanish were located near Cavite. Forming for battle, Dewey attacked Montojo on May 1 at the Battle of Manila Bay. Battle of Manila Bay Coming under fire from the Spanish ships, Dewey waited to close the distance, before stating You may fire when ready, Gridley, to Olympias captain at 5:35 AM. Steaming in an oval pattern, the US Asiatic Squadron fired first with their starboard guns and then their port guns as they circled around. For the next 90 minutes, Dewey attacked the Spanish, while defeating several torpedo boat attacks and a ramming attempt by Reina Cristina during the fighting. At 7:30 AM, Dewey was warned that his ships were low on ammunition. Pulling out into the bay, he soon learned that this report was an mistake. Returning to action around 11:15 AM, the American ships saw that only one Spanish vessel was offering resistance. Closing in, Deweys squadron finished the battle, reducing Montojos fleet to burning wrecks. With the destruction of the Spanish fleet, Dewey became a national hero and was immediately promoted to rear admiral. Continuing to operate in the Philippines, Dewey coordinated with Filipino insurgents led by Emilio Aguinaldo in attacking the remaining Spanish forces in the region. In July, American troops led by Major General Wesley Merritt arrived and the city of Manila was captured on August 13. For his great service, Dewey was promoted to admiral effective March 8, 1899. Later Career Dewey remained in command of the Asiatic Squadron until October 4, 1899, when was relieved and sent back to Washington. Appointed president of the General Board, he received the special honor of being promoted to the rank of Admiral of the Navy. Created by a special act of Congress, the rank was conferred on Dewey on March 24, 1903, and back-dated to March 2, 1899. Dewey is the only officer to ever hold this rank and as a special honor was permitted to remain on active duty beyond the mandatory retirement age. A consummate naval officer, Dewey flirted with running for president in 1900 as a Democrat, however several missteps and gaffs led him to withdraw and endorse William McKinley. Dewey died at Washington DC on January 16, 1917, while still serving as president of the US Navys General Board. His body was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on January 20, before being moved at his widows request to the crypt of Bethlehem Chapel at the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral (Washington, DC).

Day of Infamy essays

Day of Infamy essays Lord, Walter. Day of Infamy. 243pp. New York: Wordsworth Editions, 1998 Day of Infamy examines what is possibly the most remembered day in American history. Author Walter Lord recounts the days and weeks leading up to the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor though the eyes of the people closest to the action. Through his personal interviews with survivors from the United States Armed Forces, and the citizens living on the island Oahu, as well as research from the archives or recorded Japanese history concerning this historic date, Lord attempts to present Sunday, December 7, 1941 from the humanistic side. His personal interviews have lent much insight as to what it was like for both sides in the days and weeks leading up to and through the attack. Lord attempts to bring the reader into the drama by including the smallest details as they were recalled to him by the officers, enlisted men, citizens and bystanders of both Pearl Harbor and the island of Oahu. He attempts to convey to the reader that, contrary to some public opinion, the attack might not have been a total surprise as there may have been some warning signs during the weeks and days leading up to December 7, 1941. Whether or not he subscribes to the theory that the invasion was a total surprise, one thing is made clear with his writing: if, indeed, there were any warning signs indicating the upcoming attack, they were ignored or taken lightly by both the service personnel and the officers stationed at Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. fleet was in no way prepared or ready to fend off any type of attack The author does an excellent job of depicting the U.S. fleet in the water with no way of protecting themselves from the Japanese, who took full advantage of the opportunity. As, The book Day of Infamy is written using personal accounts to tie together recorded events in history, thereby providing more of an in-depth look at the...

English Language Education in Japan

English Language Education in Japan In Japan, eigo-kyouiku (English-language education) starts the first year of junior high school and continues at least until the third year of high school. Surprisingly, most students are still unable to speak or to comprehend English properly after this time. Reasons for Lack of Comprehension One of the reasons is the instruction focusing on the skill of reading and writing. In the past, Japan was a nation composed of a single ethnic group and had a very small number of foreign visitors, and there were few opportunities to converse in foreign languages, therefore the study of foreign languages were mainly considered to obtain the knowledge from the literature of other countries. Learning English became popular after World War II, but English was taught by teachers who were trained under the method that emphasized reading. There were no qualified teachers to teach hearing and speaking. In addition, Japanese and English belong to different families of languages. There are no commonalities either in structure or words. Another reason in the Ministry of Educations guidelines. The guideline limits the English vocabulary that is to be learned during the three years of junior high school to about 1,000 words. Textbooks must be screened first by the Ministry of Education and result for the most part in standardized textbooks making the English language learning too confining. Recent Years However, in recent years the necessity has increased to communicate in English as the ability to listen and speak English is in demand. The students and adults who study English conversation have increased rapidly and private English conversation schools have become prominent. Schools are now also putting strength into eigo-kyouiku by the installation of language laboratories and the hiring of foreign language teachers.

MGMT Project Guideline Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT Project Guideline - Case Study Example 2. Out of the entire day an employee spends 8 to 10 hours in the office. By celebrating birthdays, anniversaries a personal touch can be added. Similarly for the purpose of team bonding team outings could be arranged. An idea like family day can be celebrated, where employee is encouraged to get his immediate family member to office. He or she can show around the workplace, his or her cabinet or cubicle explain the nature of the work done, meet up with the supervisors and meet other members of the team as well. This immediately instills a sense of pride in the employee towards the workplace and the work that is put by him. 3. On a strategic level the higher manager can arrange for skip level meetings. As this is a customer service centre it will have a hierarchy of team member, assistant team leader and team leader. The team leader is absent in the team meeting. Later on the assistant team leader is also asked to leave and then it is only the higher management level and the base level executive those talk and discuss issues. The outcome of the meeting is followed by the formal communication from the higher management. The team member has a liberty for going up to the higher management and demanding for this type of a meeting and leaving his work aside the manager has to cater the request. This will immediately build the confidence in the employees that their issues are being heard and resolved. Even if the employee doesn’t demand for such meeting the managers should carry them as a routine exercise. The CEO additionally can spend one day with one team once in a month on the floor. This will imm ediately bring down the barrier between management and his employees. 4. Employees trust their immediate line managers far more than the HR department. The line manager will be better able to encourage the right person for the right job within the team to encourage better performance. For performance management rather than appraisal continuous

Ives-Alain Bois on Matisse Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ives-Alain Bois on Matisse - Term Paper Example The paper "Ives-Alain Bois on Matisse" analyzes Yves-Alain Bois essay On Matisse. Firstly, time’s density becomes to disappear as a singular unity within Matisse own pictorial system. Each from these paintings has its own dispersed time in its own world, he has its own understanding of temporality depicted, and each of beholders must be aware of their own time’s â€Å"persistence.† Similar to an ambivalent visibility of his works, time of his works disappear, constructing its temporality of a higher order, impersonal and spiritual – †¦like a â€Å"good armchair.† Then, composition itself must be treated as one of the most inevitable factors, with its Arabian abstract ornament, but circulating patterns. Matisse transferred its role to an invisible object of total presence, supported by his status quo understanding of means of art. However, second layer have to obtain depth and plural emotionality, with its completely non-imitating naturalism of spiritual order. My pictorial space was being completely eternalized. Avoiding a fixation of natural image in its faster passing by, Matisse’s art belongs not to â€Å"easel† painting, but to â€Å"memory† painting. Trying to achieve better and long-term fixations, artist focused himself on â€Å"pictorial fields of irresistible meanings,† which could be considered as being persuasive enough for both beholders and creator. Color and light will be presented in our focus a bit further; however, we should state that Matisse’s colors have a powerful compositional impact.... m fixations, artist focused himself on â€Å"pictorial fields of irresistible meanings,† which could be considered as being persuasive enough for both beholders and creator. Moreover, color and light will be presented in our focus a bit further; however, we should state that Matisse’s colors have a powerful compositional impact, created accordance or cordial of visual forms. Colors are pretended to be treated as the conditions in which visual code of lines can be perceived by the spectators, so colors as a container for both semantic parallels and compositional importance. Finally, circulation, expansion, and tension regarded by the author as visible functions in Matisse’s creativity. Factually, circulation may be understood as a compositional unity with that turnabout character of its movement; then, expansion marks a constant intention of the spatial expanding in Matisse’s early paintings, which used to be presented mainly without â€Å"holes;† te nsion is a â€Å"corporeal density,† which Matisse avoided lately, it can be understood through an imperative of sensitive expressions instead of peripheral incorporating of the beholder in terms of his late theories of art. Visual devices and strategies: producing effects Supposedly, being influenced by such optical strategies as those discussed previously, spectators can feel themselves â€Å"discharged† from not only singular forms of time and space, but from dictatorship of visibility itself, due to Matisse concerns on at least two-fold nature of each artistic gesture. Painting itself constructs an overall effect, being an instrument for the deconstruction, insisting not on its visibility, but rather non-visible order of eternal noumenas. His friends were used to discuss his works as sunlight imitations, colorful, pure

Economics Of Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics Of Innovation - Essay Example The essence of innovation is commercialized change. Its commercial nature warrants special emphasis, in that innovation pertains directly and exclusively, to observable market activities and outcomes – to the scope of good and services that are offered to consumers, or to technological and organizational advances that facilitates the flow of these goods and services. Innovation is about more than ideas, it is about how the economic system transforms ideas into outcomes, outcomes that continually shapes its evolution. Considerable economic research has been devoted to establishing whether small and large firms differ with regard to the rate of innovation or their R & D activity. In the recent literature on industrial innovation, the main issue is not whether small or large firms are more innovative, but the role each plays in the innovation process. The growth in the number of small firms during the 1980s is not seen as an independent process, but is attributed to the decentral ization strategies of large firms (Albert and Patrick, 1992).The outsourcing of entrepreneurial functions by larger firms ha increased their flexibility, allowing them to react more quickly to changing market conditions. Small firms are a major source for new product and processes, but due to their limited financial resources they are often confined to the first phase of the innovation process.

Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners Essay - 1

Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners - Essay Example Analytically, for a given time, Nora has been protracted as a â€Å"Doll† in the house of Torvald Helmer. She has been Torvald’s petowing to the fact she was limited in making decision on her own. The analysis of the play will try to bring out the fact that if it were not for the extortion plot, Nora would have remained submissive to Torvald. Nora and Krogstad share common problems: they are all wronged by the society, and they have been involved in a forgery problem. This common problem between themtends to be the starting point of a conflict, which is strongly catalyzed by Krogstad. The forgery of signatures is central, and competition at work place is the glue that binds Nora and Krogstad together while threatening their marriage. Torvalds clearly knows that Krogstad had forged the signature, as he states in conversation between him and his wife. â€Å"He forged someone’s name. Have you any idea what that means?† (Doll’s House, Act 2). In the turn of events, Krogstad starts to blackmail Nora following a loan that she obtains from Krogstad using a forged signature of her dead dad. These secret transactions are part of the main cause that Nora has to remain loyal to Krogstand hence being treated as a pet. Krogstad even takes advantage of this situation to secure and keep his position at workplace. By keeping his job, Krogstad will be able to attend to the need of his family. The involvement of the two in this forgery places Nora Helmer at a crossroad. At this point, we can see her contemplating suicide because of the heightened problems in her life that was born out of the secrets and the subsequent mistreatment. It reaches a point whereby, Krogstad uses this secret to threaten Torvalds of the ills that he has done in the bank. The attempt of suicide is noted and prevented by Krogstad who also had once been in the same scenario: Krogstad says the following to her

The Relationship between the International Court of Justice and other Essay

The Relationship between the International Court of Justice and other International and Regional Courts and Tribunals - Essay Example It shall also discuss any conflicts between these courts, and the challenges and issues which are seen with the emergence of these multiple courts. An evaluation of what this relationship should be will also be discussed. Body Hybrid domestic-international tribunals International courts also operate within the context of hybrid domestic-international tribunals which provide another approach to transitional justice, where societies consider accountability for mass atrocities1. These hybrid courts blend both international and domestic laws and the international courts recognize their existence in so far as they do not conflict with the principles of international law. These courts include foreign judges sitting with domestic judges and hearing cases which are argued by local lawyers within the countries where the cases are being tried2. The judges apply the domestic laws which have been fashioned to accommodate international legal provisions. They operate in an ad hoc manner based on o n-the-ground innovations and processes3. These courts have been seen as tools in the management of mass atrocity, especially seen in instances where there are no political tools for the international tribunals or courts to use. ... his lack of general acceptance is mostly based on the fact that hybrid courts have faced much resistance on both sides – from both the domestic and the international scene. Moreover, hybrid courts who do favour the more international brand of adjudication see these courts as alternatives to the international tribunals. Many national governments, including the US, and other western nations, reject the view that hybrid courts represent trends for the future5. These governments seem to believe that the hybrid courts may eventually end up as replacements for international justice, and that these hybrid courts may undermine the better application of international justice. States who resist international justice, on the other hand view hybrid tribunals as â€Å"carrying too many of the trappings of international courts†6. This general resistance towards hybrid courts is considered unfortunate because they present better adjudicatory benefits based on international and local j uridical concerns. Hybrid courts adjudicating in the Kosovo case The NATO launched an attack in 1999 which sought to end the ethnic cleansing goals of the Serb forces against the Albanian population in Kosovo. This prompted a declaration from the UN Security Council forming the UN Mission in Kosovo, where the mission was assigned to establish peace and security in the region and to carry out administrative functions, as well as to coordinate humanitarian and disaster relief efforts and to promote human rights. The responsibilities of the mission specifically included the establishment of law and order, as well as the apprehension and prosecution of those who committed war atrocities7. This goal was however not adequately met by the mission because many of the court infrastructures and equipment in

Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners Essay - 1

Prepare a report of your findings for the two owners - Essay Example Analytically, for a given time, Nora has been protracted as a â€Å"Doll† in the house of Torvald Helmer. She has been Torvald’s petowing to the fact she was limited in making decision on her own. The analysis of the play will try to bring out the fact that if it were not for the extortion plot, Nora would have remained submissive to Torvald. Nora and Krogstad share common problems: they are all wronged by the society, and they have been involved in a forgery problem. This common problem between themtends to be the starting point of a conflict, which is strongly catalyzed by Krogstad. The forgery of signatures is central, and competition at work place is the glue that binds Nora and Krogstad together while threatening their marriage. Torvalds clearly knows that Krogstad had forged the signature, as he states in conversation between him and his wife. â€Å"He forged someone’s name. Have you any idea what that means?† (Doll’s House, Act 2). In the turn of events, Krogstad starts to blackmail Nora following a loan that she obtains from Krogstad using a forged signature of her dead dad. These secret transactions are part of the main cause that Nora has to remain loyal to Krogstand hence being treated as a pet. Krogstad even takes advantage of this situation to secure and keep his position at workplace. By keeping his job, Krogstad will be able to attend to the need of his family. The involvement of the two in this forgery places Nora Helmer at a crossroad. At this point, we can see her contemplating suicide because of the heightened problems in her life that was born out of the secrets and the subsequent mistreatment. It reaches a point whereby, Krogstad uses this secret to threaten Torvalds of the ills that he has done in the bank. The attempt of suicide is noted and prevented by Krogstad who also had once been in the same scenario: Krogstad says the following to her

The NSW English k - 6 Syllabus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The NSW English k - 6 Syllabus - Essay Example It is believed that language goes beyond tangible meanings and explores the meanings of less tangible. In the education context, language is vital for comprehensive and utilization of knowledge. Stone, et al (2004) also noted that language is used to solve problems as a tool through its application in both written and spoken words. In fact, language is used as a learning tool which aids understanding. In light with these deliberations, language is viewed as a vehicle for educational development, which is categorized among the most crucial components for the acquisition of knowledge (Raban, Brooks, and Wolfendale 1995). Development is a necessity in learning, and which is facilitated by language through interaction and socialization. The verbalization of both personal and vicarious experience makes individuals evaluate and structure representations of reality. The role of language in learning Characteristically, children go to school with some degree of commonsense understanding of th eir environment. Once in school, children start engaging with books and other children both of their age and older children and even adults. This forms a distinction between utterances and meanings of things said at home and ones made at school. Studies have enumerated the importance of language in education, with many citing that when children learns a language, they not only engage in one kind of learning, but also ensures that, through learning language, they learn how to mean (Raban, Brooks, and Wolfendale 1995). It is also apparent that the language enables students to focus on the object of learning and distinguish it crucial features. Language is critical in structuring student’s awareness in order to become intellectually aware of learning. Language also makes meaning. The ability of teachers and students to negotiate to bring out meaning is well articulated through language (National Languages & Literacy Institute of Australia 1993). Language widens a, shared common ground between teachers and students. It is believed that there are specific conditions required for the learning of a specific object of learning. The manner in which these objects of learning are tackled, and the extent to which required conditions are expressed through language during a lesson or crucial in the learning of students (Raban, Brooks, and Wolfendale 1995). It is also worth noting that apart from general conditions such as light, space, some levels of learning activities necessary for learning, the element of language is of much help. Some students may be in a position to learn certain things through symbolic meaning while others may learn through affective guidance and explanation. The place of interaction in learning and the supporting role of the adult Interaction between the child and adult during early learning is of primary importance. Adults act as guidance in almost all activities undertaken by the children (Stone, et al 2004). Adults are supposed to encourage children to act decisively in their undertakings. In this regard, teachers may find it necessary to take advantage of play situations to teach children different concepts. Physical involvement of adults during play attracts children attention as they complement roles adults in the play. Sometimes children may create and assign adults roles, and this is the best opportunity for adults to interact with the children. Some social and emotional aspects of children may not be reflected during normal conversation or in classroom (Stone,

Estee Lauder Essay Example for Free

Estee Lauder Essay I. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY Està ©e Lauder Companies, Inc. founded by Estee Lauder and her husband Joseph in 1946 started by selling four skin care products invented by her chemist uncle in beauty salons and hotels. The enterprise established their first department store account with Saks Fifth Avenue in New York in 1947. By 1960, Estee Lauder was an international manufacturer and marketer, selling their products in the famous Harrods Department Store in London. In the subsequent years, they opened outlets in Central America, Denmark, Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, New Zealand and Switzerland. Today, Estee Lauder markets its products through different brands in more than 140 countries and territories. It also holds the global license for fragrances and cosmetics. The company consists of a collection of prestige brands targeted at a diverse selection of consumers. The group’s portfolio of brands includes the most recognized labels for mature customers (Estee Lauder, Clinique, Prescriptives, Aramis, and La Mer), eco-correct labels (Aveda and Origins), as well as hip labels (M.A.C., Bobbi Brown, Tommy Hilfiger, Donna Karan, Stila, Jo Malone, Bumble and Bumble, Kate Spade, jane, Darphin and Smashbox). The Estee Lauder Companies is an organization which engages in the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of several beauty products. The company is divided into four sectors, skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care. Estee Lauder is based in New York City and currently employs 32,300 people. The products are mostly marketed through department stores, specialty retailers, upscale perfumeries, pharmacies, salons, and spars. Additionally products are sold at company owned free standing stores and through e-commerce in selected countries. The company is still controlled by the Lauder family, which controls about 70% of the voting shares. Estee Lauder’s grandson is currently the chairman of the board of directors. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This case analysis attempts to determine the most effective strategies Estee Lauder must use in the Philippines. To determine the main objective of this case the researchers focuses on the major components of the case analysis which are as follows: A. Market Analysis 1. To what extent will the Filipino consumer will support or use Estee Lauder products? 2. What are demographic profiles of the target users of Estee lauder in the Philippines? 3. What are the information needs of the Filipino consumer to divert their patronage to Estee Lauder products? B. Technical Analysis 1. Based on the needs of the Filipinos what would consist the basic collection of Estee Lauder products that should be put up into Philippine markets? 2. Where the possible locations that will effectively inform and market to the Filipino consumer the Estee Lauder products? III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this study is to determine the most effective strategies Estee Lauder must use in the Philippines using market analysis and technical analysis. A. Market Analysis 1. To determine the perception of the Filipino consumer on Estee Lauder products versus other beauty product competitors. 2. To verify the demographic profiles of the target users of Estee lauder in the Philippines. 3. To determine the information needs of the Filipino consumer to divert their patronage to Estee Lauder products. A. Technical Analysis 1. To enumerate the possible collection of Estee Lauder products that should be put up into Philippine markets? 2. To plot possible locations that will effectively inform and market to the Filipino consumer the Estee Lauder products. IV. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS A. Analysis of the Macro environment 1. Demographic Environment In the next 20 years, there would be an expected growth of sales of cosmetic products because roughly 70 million people around the world will reach an income that will allow them to purchase such kind of product. In the next 40 years, aging population in the world will multiply by 2.5 times. With an increase in the world’s aging population, life expectancy would improve too. 2. Social and Technological Environment Social environment is a broad concept which may be affected by all factors to be considered in making analysis in the Macro environment of the company. There is a significant factor that may affect sale of products easily. Majority of the Filipino consumers especially those who live in the National Capital Region may support products easily because of the practice called mental colonialism. What is imported is better. Of course it is! Filipinos tend to patronize imported products most especially those that are known for years. In fact, products made by the Estee Lauder Company are sold in some known malls all over the Metro Manila region. May it be cosmetics or fragrances; consumer will buy it as long as they have the money. Social media affects Filipinos perception about a certain thing. If there is one thing that Estee Lauder to focus on in trying to caught more attention from Filipinos, it shall be in the social media. I have noticed that they cannot be seen in the TV commercials, radio stations or even print ads. They appear in print ads but rarely with the local magazines. Since Estee Lauder is based in London, cosmetics are mostly designed for the white people. This company should create cosmetics that are compatible with the Asian skin especially to the Filipinos. Filipinos are fond of social networking sites which may be an advantage of Estee Lauder to advertise products internationally easily and can hear feedbacks with just a click. Since Estee Lauder prices ranges from mid-high to high, not all Filipinos can afford to have a single product on their pouches. Mid-range to elite people may patronize the product continuously but not those who are tight with the budget. Filipinos should be aware that though it may be a little expensive, the bill spent is worth every product. It has been a practice that those who can’t have those products, shift to an imitation of the original. I believe, these products should be innovated even more where in all Filipinos can afford to use Estee Lauder products in their daily routine. They should know the big difference between the original and the imitation. What is it? We should see it ourselves. 3. Economic Environment All sectors of the cosmetics industry showed growth in the Philippines in 2008/2009, according to Euromonitor. Beauty and personal care sales were US$2.26bn, a 2% rise year on year. The highest growth was in colour cosmetics (7.9%), skin care (6.3%), deodorants (4.3%), hair care (4%) and fragrance (2.9%). The mass market is dominant in the Philippines, accounting for 96.3% of all bath and shower sales. As elsewhere in the southeast Asian region, the major players are foreign multinationals – Unilever, followed by Procter Gamble, L’Orà ©al, Està ©e Lauder and Shiseido, according to the trade association Chambers of Cosmetics Industry of the Philippines (CCIP). In the beauty and personal care sector, Colgate-Palmolive is the third largest company, behind Unilever – who in 2009 adopted a strategy of offering smaller-sized packaging, targeted at middle and lower income consumers – and Procter Gamble, according to Euromonitor. The economic slowdown in the Philippines has prompted growth in direct selling. Companies such as US-owned Avon and Philippines-based Ever Bilena Cosmetics adopted commitments to boosting revenues through discounts and tapped into a female labour market keen to increase household incomes. The market appears to be remaining vibrant. Between January 2009 and January, 2010, 511 new cosmetics products were launched in the Philippines, according to market research group Mintel – the highest number (176) was in skin care, followed by soap and bath products (131) and hair products (108). B. Competitive Analysis 1. Intensity of the Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Està ©e lauder’s brands face great competition in the cosmetics industry. Internationally it competes with Loreal, Avon, Revlon, Elizabeth Arden and Bare Escentuals. Though there are a lot of competitors in the industry, Estee lauder consists of various products that competes on each of them. Està ©e Lauder’s all-natural products face competition from Bare Esentuals. Its mid-end products compete against Revlon, Avon, and Elizabeth Arden. Additions to these competitors are the local companies in the Philippines like Ever Bilena and Careline. Rivalry intensifies because there are a lot of companies that are in to beauty products. Competition is more intense because of the local brands that use price cuts or other marketing tactics to boost unit volume. And because most Filipinos are thrifty, rivalry is stronger when the cost incurred by customers to switch their purchases from one brand, like Estee Lauder to another, like Careline, are low. Competitors might get a close competition with some EL products. But because of its variations of beauty products Estee lauder possesses, it still rises above the others internationally. Its professional makeup brands, M.A.C. and Bobbi Brown face significantly less competition because of their target marked of specialized clientele. In more than 25 years, Ever Bilena has become the number one Filipino brand. It has penetrated an industry dominated by global giants, and have made products best suited for our Filipina consumers with international quality at affordable price. Ever Bilena and Careline cater products that are way too cheap compare to EL and other international beauty companies. Ever Bilena and Careline target market are different from the target market of EL. They target teenagers who need beauty products for their everyday use. It outwits EL by selling their products in a very low price. Our country is considered as third world so along with that it gives EB and Careline the edge among competitors because of the market it targets, basically the Masa. Estee lauder is known for its reputation and expertise in beauty products. EL has been in the industry for years. They have gained loyal customers as time pass by, and as quality of their products improved along with it. They got an edge among other competitors just by the name it carries. But in the Philippines, those who cannot afford high-end beauty products will definitely not patronize Estee lauder products. It’s a really tough completion EL have in the Philippines, but it still stand a chance in competing with other local products because of the colonial mentality of the Filipino, love for foreign products. 2. Threat of the New Entrants Locally, the barrier is high but we can say that there is a great chance of any other aspiring businessman to enter into the industry. Economies of scale act as a great barrier to entry, and with EL, its sales for the past few years. The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. today reported a strong financial performance for its fourth quarter and fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 based on the financial statement posted via internet. In line with these facts gathered, we can say that the stability of the company is very strong that becomes a barrier for new entrants. Its capital requirement established in the industry by Estee Lauder is so large that it becomes a discouragement for the new companies planning to enter the industry. Another barrier is the Estee Lauder product differentiation. It offers different products that create a barrier by forcing entrants to incur expenditure to overcome existing customer loyalties. New entrants must spend a great deal of money and time to overcome this barrier. Filipinos will always patronize products that are affordable and with good quality. They can enter the industry by taking the form of aggressive price-cutting and increased in advertising. Estee Lauder is considered as high-end beauty products for the Filipinos. Only few can afford to buy fragrances, skin cares and make-up Estee Lauder offers. If the new entrant penetrates in the market by having the strategy of offering its products in a relatively low- price, it will definitely boom Filipino consumers. Watson beauty care, easily took Filipino patronage by selling different variety of products in a low prices. The barrier is really high when it comes to reputation and quality. But in the Philippines, the door in entering the industry is very much open to those who are willing to produce quality products in affordable prices. 3. Bargaining Power of the Buyers The consumers can bargain in this industry simply because they are the buyers purchases are a sizable percentage of the selling industrys total sales. The products are unimportant to the quality of the customers product or service. The item being purchased is sufficiently standardized among sellers that not only can buyers find alternative sellers. 4. Bargaining Power of the Suppliers Suppliers do not play a big roll and have little bargaining power in this market. Big brands like Està ©e Lauder develop essential ingredients in their own RD department, and only outsource basic and non-value-adding chemicals and packaging. 5. Threats of Product Substitute As a rule, the lower the price of substitutes and the higher the quality and performance of substitutes, the more intense are the competitive pressures posed by substitute products. We Filipinos go for the ones that are almost free of charge that gives us the same result that a costly product offers. We are the most resourceful race. Filipinos are naturally creative and imaginative people. Filipinos can invent a lot of things to substitute any products just so they can save money. We are also fan of herbal products which is the result of our being authentic Filipinos. Along with these ideas, the threats of product substitute are very high in the Philippines. Though Estee Lauder produce a brands, Aveda and Clinique, which focus on producing products made with natural ingredients and anti-allergens, many will still go for the naturals, literally, to make their skin or hair really good. V. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Threats: * Intense competition in cosmetics has increased and market initiators with quality providers are a serious threat to the firm. * New entrants, even though the market has considerably mature in the sense that it has captured customer loyalty, but there is always room for improvement in this field. * Counterfeit commodities affect the sales of the branded commodities. 9%, according to the Global Congress on Combating Counterfeiting, of all the world trade comprises counterfeit goods. Opportunities: * New markets are emerging in various countries where the firm can inject its products, such as India, China (known to be the 2nd largest cosmetics market in Asia) etc. * Markets where wealthy rule is also a good opportunity to tap in because of the tendency of the wealthy to own luxury commodities. * Many nations are growing to be beauty conscience every passing day; the firm will do well in order to tap-in without any delay and initiate in order to get customer loyalty attached to its products. * Diversification of the distribution channels. * Expansion to global markets, worldwide. Weaknesses: * Lack of concentration regarding customer value (Client.) * Profit oriented (loses sight of the customer) * Weak Liquidity Position (decline in the firm’s liquidity in the past few years.) * Distribution Network’s lack of reach to other viable markets. * Declining operating income in various market marks the weak penetration of the products in those specific markets. Strengths: * Strong Brand Reputation (The brand is associated with luxury quality. Also has a strong brand portfolio). * Research Development (Role model and leader in identifying consumer needs, and preferences and developing products accordingly). * Strong Distribution Network (The products are sold to a limited stores that compliments the image of the brands such as department stores, upscale perfumeries, specialty stores, professional hairdressers etc. specially in U.S.) * Vigorous Revenue Profitability (Net Earnings for fiscal year 2010 $478 million while Net sales were $7.8 billion.) * 31,000 employees working under its umbrella, full-time. (approximate value) * Products are sold in more than 150 countries. * Powerful marketing techniques used by the firm: Free Gift, Gift-With-Purchase, Makeup Artist Events (for trying out the new products) etc. * Operations and cost maintenance with the firm holds a strong positive attitude in the long run. * Regulations are increasing due to the voicing of different groups about harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetic products. VI. GENERIC STRATEGIES Differentiation â€Å"Differentiation is a competitive business strategy whereby firms attempt to gain a competitive advantage by increasing the perceived value of their products and services relative to the perceived value of other firm’s products and services† – Charles W.L. Hill, Gareth R. Jone No other companies has done better than Estee Lauder company. They are already on top but the concept of being unique or different is far more important today that it was years ago. The company should consider strategies in differentiation. First, they can use quality/price differentiation for Estee Lauder. The company can improve more on the quality of their cosmetic products so that customers will build loyalty to the company. Next, said company could use product differentiation by adding more features, specifications, design or the image, packaging and benefits on their products. Also, they can use differentiation by repositioning. To regain its position as a premium product, Està ©e Lauder must reposition itself. A successful repositioning would require the Està ©e Lauder brand to develop a clear brand image and provide its customers with something that is unique. There are a few possibilities that Està ©e Lauder could take; Està ©e Lauder could emphasize the natural ingredients in a product, the romance and sexiness, or the technology involved in a product. Another possibility for Està ©e Lauder would be to create a new brand image through the release of a sub-brand. In considering each of these strategies, it is also important to take into account how Està ©e Lauder’s competitors will react. Natural Ingredients. Currently, Està ©e Lauder’s customers are not interested in the naturalness of the ingredients used in Està ©e Lauder skincare products. This is evidenced by the fact that Està ©e Lauder does not promote the natural ingredients and yet they still have customers. To redefine the brand as one that emphasizes natural products might ostracize the current Està ©e Lauder customers. In addition to this, the natural ingredient skincare market is not high-end. The main competitors in that market are Biotherm and Clarins. These brands are well recognized by those customers that place natural ingredients above technology; however, they cannot demand as high a price as Està ©e Lauder for their skincare products. This would not be a wise move for Està ©e Lauder. Romance. Another option for Està ©e Lauder would be to position the brand so that it is appealing for those women who desire the romance and sexiness that is associated with cosmetics. This positioning strategy would place Està ©e Lauder in direct competition with Lancà ´me. As Lancà ´me is a French brand, it already has an advantage over Està ©e Lauder as France is widely associated with romance. The Està ©e Lauder brand would have to work very hard to overcome Lancà ´me’s natural advantage. A first glance comparison of an Està ©e Lauder and a Lancà ´me booth at Macy’s will show that Està ©e Lauder’s image is lacking the luscious, red lips of Lancà ´me. Instead, Està ©e Lauder’s image is of the elegant Carolyn Murphy and Liya Kebede. Their images are beautiful but distant and lacking passion. To rework this image would be extremely difficult. Direct competition with Lancà ´me would also be unfavorable. By more heavily emphasizing its technology, Està ©e Lauder also has the opportunity to occupy the trendy end of the technology market as opposed to being a complete dermatologist-brand. This is due to the elegance and fashion that is associated with Està ©e Lauder. Presently, the bestsellers in the skincare market in general are anti-aging formulas. In the growing Asian skincare market, the bestsellers are anti-aging and whitening formulas. Both these formulas rely heavily on technology, so it is a good time for dermatologist-brands to enter the market. By occupying the trendy end of the technology market, Està ©e Lauder will have a good position against these strong new entrants. VII. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION Estee Lauder can implement Horizontal Integration where the company will buy another company. If they really want to increase the sales in the Philippines, they can buy local brands and kill the competition. VIII. RECOMMENDATION/ CONCLUSION Based on the data gathered we can conclude the following: 1. Filipinos are aware of Estee Lauder and they consider this as a very high-end product. They patronize competing product that offers more reasonable price. Estee Lauder should formulate products that they can offer to Masa, a product for Filipinos. Same as to what L’Oreal did in the Philippines, when they introduced shampoo and conditioner that is close to the price of local brands. 2. Estee Lauder’s target market is middle-aged female whose buying power is relatively secure and thus are less price-sensitive. Filipinos are price sensitive, with that they should formulate strategy that is similar from the first conclusion. 3. Filipinos need lots of information about beauty care. We should be informed about the importance of Estee Lauder’s product, and what are the difference between their product to other companies and substitute product we are using. They should increase their advertisements in the Philippines. Technically, they are so known in the industry that they don’t need any advertisement, but Filipinos are fan of idiot box that they rely mostly to what they see on TV. 4. The collection should consist of products that can be offered to middle market. It should be affordable and with good quality. The collection should be focusing on whitening skin and affordable cosmetics. 5. Aside from department stores and exclusive beauty shops, Estee Lauder should try putting up a place for their products in drugs store like Mercury and Watsons, which include every product they offer. They are already doing this but just to chosen products. They should start advertising their cosmetic products to these places where people have easy access and this will help people to get familiar to Estee Lauder’s product.

Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function

Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function Michael J. Hudgins   The new Corporate CIO of XLZ Data Systems has devised a nine-point mission statement for the company. I am one of the operations managers in the department and have received a memo on the new policy and an associated task. The CIO wants to address the new strategy in a three-phase rollout plan and my feedback on LAN and MAN technology. As a reference point, the table below addresses the nine points of the mission statement of the CIO.   Ã‚   Analysis as to why the fifth point, Meet information requirements of management, is in the CIOs list of nine (9) points. Stallings, W. (2009) It is very important that the development of data processing activities at the departmental level can at times increase the difficulty of obtaining data for the effective use of executive management making their job more difficult, the information difficult to interpret. The adoption of differing departmental standards and means of summarizing data makes uniform collection of data for upward reporting more difficult. (p. 54). Therefore, it is of my own opinion that the reason why CIO stressed that point is to make sure that we address the complexity of understanding the massive amounts of data that is produced and presented to management and that the process be as streamlined as possible. This makes it possible for the CIO to make better business decisions without having to spend more time that should be sifting through vast amounts of data produced that was not designed as it was outlined in the business requirements documents. First Phase Rollout Items Listing Since the first phase of the rollout will only contain three of the nine points of the mission statement, I would make a case that the items to be included in phase one would be the following for the reasons listed: Item number one (1) I believe would have to be part of the initial rollout: Provide computing capability to all organizational units that legitimately require it. After all it is our mandate to provide IT services to all corporate customers and departments within the organization and this could be done on a cost savings basis by acquiring cost efficient systems that include servers, personal workstations and personal computers. Item number two (2) would be number 9 of the mission statement: Make the work of employees enjoyable as well as productive. I firmly believe that our employees are our greatest assets and should be treated as such and considered just as valuable as the IT Systems hardware and software. Having access to all the resources that our employees need to perform their job tasks is an essential and I might add, critical aspect of productivity. This benefits the company bottom line. Last but certainly not least, the third item of the initial rollout I believe would be mission statement item number seven (7): Allow organizational units sufficient autonomy in the conduct of their tasks to optimize creativity and performance at the unit level. Stallings, W. (2009) Widespread use of small computers can provide highly individualistic service to all the departments needing computing, allow users to establish and maintain autonomy in their operations using their own equipment, and provide users with hands-on opportunity to enjoy computing use while improving departmental productivity. (p. 54) Now that I have addressed the first three items to be part of the phase one rollout of the CIOs mission initiative, I would like to take this opportunity to address what I believe to be the most critical and necessary part of any IT Corporate Initiative and that is Security. I strongly recommend to the CIO that XLZ Systems. It does not matter how large or small our company currently is, there is a need to have a cyber security plan to ensure the security of our information assets. The cyber security plan that we implement must take into consideration the protection of the following: XLZ Systems customer information, that includes all confidential information is currently held on behalf of customers and business clients. XLZ Systems financial information, and this information includes market assessments and all of our companys own financial records and other miscellaneous financial corporate data. XLZ Systems corporate products information, that includes any designs, plans, our patent applications, source code, and any and all drawings. As we have seen from other corporate data security breaches such as Target to name a few, failure to protect our datas confidentiality might result in our customer credit card numbers being stolen, with legal consequences and a loss of goodwill. This can and more than likely will result in lost customers and the potential for lawsuits. So in closing, in addition to the nine points of the mission statement I would amend it to now number ten with security ranking as high as number one. This will be my report to the CIO. References Schlossbauer, S (2015) Management Requirements and Changing Values in the Information Age Retrieved from: https://us.experteer.com/magazine/management-requirements/ Stallings, W. (2009). CIS 505: Business Data Communications: Custom edition (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Stallings, W (2009) Standards Organizations Retrieved from: http://www.box.net/shared/9dtnzvwys8/1/15730219/164146343/1 Zaharia, A (2016) 10+ Critical Corporate Cyber Security Risks A Data Driven List [Updated] Retrieved from: https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/10-critical-corporate-cyber-security- risks-a-data-driven-list/

Me and the Moon :: Something Corporate Me and the Moon Essays

Me and the Moon Music has always been a crucial part of the way society views the world. Some songs have hidden messages that can change’s one’s life and opinions. Today many songs become popular without having meaning. Something Corporate is a fairly new band, which sings, â€Å"Konstanine†, â€Å"You’re gone†, â€Å"Only Ashes†, and â€Å"Me and the Moon†. Being a new band in the music scene, they have caught many listeners attention through their lyrics. One of their more interesting songs is, â€Å"Me and the moon†. Something Corporate’s song â€Å"Me and the Moon† succeeds because it makes you think about relationships through subliminal messages. Obviously, the author of the song â€Å"Me and the Moon† is the new and up coming band Something Corporate. This song brings in an audience of women who have difficult relationships with their significant other. Many of their songs tell their listeners real life experiences. â€Å"Me and the moon† appeals to people in relationships because it describes someone in a relationship that is suffering. Being alternative music, it appeals to people who are interested in rock music or like different kinds of music rather than the popular music. Most songs use pathos because of their emotional lyrics. We realize that this song is pathos because of the extremely personal experience represented in this song. Throughout the song, he uses emotional lyrics that touch your heart. Many people in unhealthy relationships can identify with this song In the beginning verse of the song, the first line â€Å"It’s a good year for murder. She’s praying to Jesus. She’s pulling the trigger. There’s no tears, cause he’s not here. She washes her hands, and she fixes dinner, but soon they’ll be coming to rush her away. No one’s so sure if her crime had a reason†. This lyric tells us that a woman is trying to kill her husband. We can infer this because they describe the presence of a gun and her committing a crime. We can tell that they are married because they state activities that would be associated with being a house wife. The murder would be considered a crime because no one knew the pain her husband caused her. She has no feelings because she does not cry after she murders her husband. After killing her husband she has no remorse because of the damaged he caused. In the next verse, Something Corporate tells us that â€Å"Reasons like seasons.

Marketing proposal for a new product Essay

Antwerpen Imporor Co., Ltd, a leading import company in Belgium, received the sales license of a new high-class make of shoes named Lightfoot recently. The Lightfoot was developed to significantly improve the way of today’s life style. Lightfoot will be positioned as a high-end product both in fashion style and comfort. The product will be sold via company website, and 5 stores located in Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Brugge and Leuven. The product will be launched to market by August 2003. The potential market for Lightfoot is very promising in Belgium. Belgium has the 6th highest per capita income in the world. In 2002, Belgium had a per capita rate of approximately $22,941. As a result, Belgians enjoy a high level of disposable income and have the financial means to consider life style, the strongest growth sector in the Belgian expenditure. Future consumption market should still continue to increase. The financial projection for year 1 is a net margin of 2,825,000.00 EURO. The management and sales force team members have a strong background in the fashion industry. The General Manager was former the former business development manager for Shoeslock, the Director of Sales and Marketing was formerly chief sales manager for Nike Belgium. Objectives Mission: To lead the market of quality shoes/fashion industry in Belgium with an aim of achievement in both brand names and profit. Target: In the first fiscal year lto reach the medium selling price at an average of 225.00 Euro for ladies, and 265.00 Euro for Gentlemen respectively lto reach the total sales of 8,675,000.00 Euro as the turnover lto reach a 75.00 Euro of net margin for Ladies, and 85.00 Euro for Gentlemen respectively lto occupy a 30% of the market share lto build the public brand awareness in the fashion industry of Belgium In the second fiscal year lto reach a 20% increasing of the sales lto reach a 20% of the net margin lto occupy a 35% of the market share Value The product is definitely out to address the needs of the high-end consumer, who is willing to pay more for quality. In the particular market, the Lightfoot provides consumer, who cares about design and quality of life style, a combination of highest quality product and excellence of design, at a relatively high price. Measure of Success The minimum price of sale will be at 225.00 Euro for Ladies and 265 Euro for Gentlemen. The turnover for the first year will be 15,000 pairs of lady shoes and 20,000 pairs of man shoes with a net margin for 75 Euro per pair of ladies and 85 Euro per pair of gentlemen. Methodology Our sales strategy is based mainly on making the right information available to the right target customers. We can’t afford to sell people on our expensive product, because most do not have budget. What we really do is to make sure that those who have budget and appreciate the product know that it exits, and know where to find it. The marketing has to convey the sense of quality and fashion in every picture, every promotion, and every publication. We can’t afford to appear in second-rate catalog with poor illustrations that make the product look less than it is. Promotion Strategy The product will be promoted heavily at the 2003 Fall fashion Show in October, to begin to build brand awareness in the overall fashion market. A special open invitation session and cocktail reception will be held at the end of day of the fashion show to introduce and demonstrate the product, focusing on its design and value. A direct mail campaign will begin immediately following the fashion show with special limited pricing discounts for those on the mailing list who also attend the special demo session.