The History Behind the Invention of the Digital Camera

The history of the digital camera dates back to the early 1950s. Digital camera technology is directly related to and evolved from the same technology that recorded  television  images. Digital Photography and the VTR In 1951, the first  video tape recorder  (VTR) captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses (digital) and saving the information onto magnetic tape. Bing Crosby laboratories (the research team funded by Crosby and headed by engineer  John Mullin) created the first early VTR and by 1956, VTR technology was perfected (the VR1000 invented by Charles P. Ginsburg and the Ampex Corporation) and in common use by the television industry. Both television/video cameras and digital cameras use a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) to sense light color and intensity. Digital Photography and Science During the 1960s, NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space probes to map the surface of the moon (sending digital images back to earth). Computer technology was also advancing at this time and NASA used computers to enhance the images that the space probes were sending. Digital imaging also had another government use at the time that being spy  satellites. Government use of digital technology helped advance the science of digital imaging, however, the private sector also made significant contributions. Texas Instruments patented a film-less electronic camera in 1972, the first to do so. In August 1981, Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera, the camera which was the first commercial electronic camera. Images were recorded onto a mini disc and then put into a video reader that was connected to a television monitor or color printer. However, the early Mavica cannot be considered a true digital camera even though it started the digital camera revolution. It was a video camera that took video freeze-frames. Kodak Since the mid-1970s, Kodak has invented several solid-state image sensors that converted light to digital pictures for professional and home consumer use. In 1986, Kodak scientists invented the worlds first megapixel sensor, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5x7-inch digital photo-quality print. In 1987, Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images. In 1990, Kodak developed the Photo CD system and proposed the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals. In 1991, Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists. It was a Nikon F-3 camera equipped by Kodak with a 1.3-megapixel sensor. Digital Cameras for Consumers The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the  Apple QuickTake 100 camera  (February 17 , 1994), the  Kodak DC40  camera (March 28, 1995), the Casio QV-11 (with LCD monitor, late 1995), and Sonys Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera (1996). However, Kodak entered into an aggressive co-marketing campaign to promote the DC40 and to help introduce the idea of digital photography to the public. Kinkos and Microsoft both collaborated with Kodak to create digital image-making software workstations and kiosks which allowed customers to produce Photo CD Discs and ​photographs and add digital images to documents. IBM collaborated with Kodak in making an internet-based network image exchange. Hewlett-Packard was the first company to make color inkjet printers that complemented the new digital camera images. The marketing worked and today digital cameras are everywhere.

Psychology of the Unconscious - 1750 Words

Introduction Through the different processes of social attachment and detachment, individuals are shaped and influenced because of the way people and entities become connected in our shared worlds (Redman, 2008a, p. 181). These processes are important mechanisms by which collective worlds and the individuals who reside in these worlds are created (Redman, 2008b, p. 4). From a psychoanalytic point of view, sociologists suggest that these social attachments happen through processes that are, to some extent, unconscious (The Open University, 2014a). These processes, which range from thoughts and feelings to impulses and emotional textures, are not easily available to conscious reflection. However, the effects of unconscious activity can be located in conscious thought and witnessed in human interactions (Redman and Whitehouse-Hart, 2008, p. 60). These unconscious processes mediate our personal awareness of social worlds by ‘translating’ the individuals and entities we encounter in the o uter world into forms that ‘resonate with internal experiences, preoccupations, fantasies and senses of self-other relationships’ (Chodorow, 1999, cited in Redman, 2008a, p. 177). This assignment will explore how social worlds are mediated by unconscious processes using research surveillance from the television programme ‘Big Brother’, the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ and the case of Victoria Climbià ©. Furthermore, it will outline some potential criticisms of this claim. Transference, projection,Show MoreRelated The Development of Psychology Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Psychology Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and the mind. This definition implies three things. The first is that psychology is a science, a field that can be studied through objective methods of observation and experimentation. 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Internet Advertising Essay Thesis Example For Students

Internet Advertising Essay Thesis There are two primary ways to advertise on the Internet: 1. Register your Web site with major search engines so Internetvisitors can find you. 2.Place an ad banner for your site on another Web site that has alot of traffic (viewers). Ad banners allow viewers to link to yoursite when they click on the banner. Internet Advertising Advantages Relatively cost-effective. The costs can also be independent ofthe size of the audience. For example, a Web presence will costthe same regardless of how many viewers your site has. (You will,however, need to make sure your Internet Service Provider canhandle the volume of viewers you anticipate having. ) Advertisers can target specific types of viewers by positioningan ad banner on related Web sites. For example, if youretargeting people seeking information on a specific topic, you canpurchase ad space on Web pages that are related to this categoryin the major search engines (Yahoo, Infoseek, Lycos, WONET The Womens Online Network, etc.). So, an organic herb farmerselling through mail order might advertise through the organicfoods or gourmet cooking category. The indexing structure ofthese sites allows you to target your audience by geographiclocation and related interest area. Messages can be timely because editing the content is often easyand instantaneous. Ads on the Internet can be interactive. You can request viewerfeedback, take orders or answer questions instantly. Ad banners can run with as much frequency as you choose. TheInternet is constantly available! Internet advertisers can potentially reach a global audience. Asidefrom language barriers, anyone at any location in the world canaccess information about your products or services. Internet Advertising Disadvantages Internet advertising should not be approached in a vacuum. Instead, it should be one component of a comprehensive InternetMarketing strategy. Although the popularity of the Internet is rising remarkably, it isdifficult to gage the impact of advertising on the Internet. The range of costs to advertise on the Internet can vary greatly. Itis best to compare a number of highly-frequented sites todetermine the best way to spend your advertising dollars.Bibliography:

The Fault in Our Stars - Book Club Discussion

'The Fault in Our Stars' - Book Club Discussion The Fault in Our Stars by John Green has characters who ask big questions. Use this guide to help your book club think about some of the themes Green raises. Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions contain important details about the story. Finish the book before reading on. Do you like the first person style of the novel?Even though The Fault in Our Stars deals with timeless questions, it has many markers of the year it was written from facebook pages to text messages and TV show references. Do you think these things will affect its ability to endure over the years or do the concrete references enhance its appeal?Did you guess that Augustus was sick?On page 212, Hazel discusses Maslows Heirarchy of Needs: According to Maslow, I was stuck on the second level of the pyramid, unable to feel secure in my health and therefore unable to reach for love and respect and art and whatever else, which is, of course, utter horseshit: The urge to make art or contemplate philosophy does not go away when you are sick. Those urges just become transfigured by illness. Discuss this statement, and whether you agree with Maslow or Hazel.In support group, Hazel says, There will come a time when all of us are dead. All of us. There will come a time when there are no human be ings remaining to remember that anyone ever existed or that or species ever did anything...maybe that time is coming soon and maybe it is millions of years away, but even if we survive the collapse of our sun, we will not survive forever...And if the inevitability of human oblivion worries you, I encourage you to ignore it. God knows thats what everyone else does (13). Do you worry about oblivion? Do you ignore it? Different characters in the novel have different views and coping mechanisms to deal with life an death. How do you? Reread Augustus letter that Hazel gets via Van Houten at the end of the novel. Do you agree with Augustus? Is is a good way for the novel to end?What affect does the mingling of normal teenage problems (break ups, coming of age) with a terminal diagnosis create in the novel? For instance, do you think it is realistic that Isaac would care more about his break up with Monica than his blindness?Rate The Fault in Our Stars 1 to 5.